During the last years of the 19th century, the theories and discoveries of Pasteur and Koch marked a new era in medicine and public health. In Western Europe, this period has been associated with significant improvements in the infrastructure of the cities, the opening of discussions between medicines and hygienists, the elaboration of planning regulations for the first time and more generally, the reorganization of the urban landscape towards the gradual improvement of the urban living standards and the further reduction of infant mortality. In Greece, even in the early 20th century, the infant mortality rates remained high and 1/3 of deaths were due to infectious diseases. Not ignoring the non-hygienic attitudes and the practices of the society itself, sanitation and living conditions (lack of sewers, inadequate water supply and unpaved roads) in the capital (the only urban center in Greece), remained poor and did not change drastically until after the first decade of the 20th century. The purpose of this intervention is to present the results obtained from the indexing and codification of the Athenians Death Registers of the period 1880 -1920. More specifically, we’ll present the demographic rates and demographic behaviors of the residents of Athens, the causes of death as well as the social and demographic characteristics of the deceased in the capital. This research was conducted under the fellowship program for postdoctoral research of the State Scholarship Foundation.